Here's how the BLM could utilize current data and scientific methods for AUM (Animal Unit Month) and AML (Appropriate Management Level) determinations:

Data Collection:

• Improved Monitoring: Implement robust monitoring programs to assess rangeland health. This can include using remote sensing data like satellite imagery to track vegetation cover and biomass over time.

• Field Studies: Conduct regular field studies to measure key ecological indicators like plant species diversity, soil health, and streamflow.

• Livestock Data: Collaborate with ranchers to collect data on livestock grazing patterns and herd health.

Scientific Analysis:

• Modeling: Develop ecological models that consider factors like precipitation, temperature, soil type, and plant communities to predict sustainable grazing capacities.

• Carrying Capacity Analysis: Use the collected data to determine the carrying capacity of the rangeland, which is the maximum number of animals it can support without long-term degradation.

• Adaptive Management: Employ an adaptive management approach where AUMs and AMLs are adjusted based on monitoring data and scientific findings. This allows for flexibility and avoids setting grazing levels in isolation.

Transparency and Collaboration:

• Data Sharing: Make all collected data publicly available for independent analysis and verification.

• Stakeholder Input: Involve ranchers, conservationists, and other stakeholders in the AUM and AML determination process. This can help ensure that the decisions made are informed by a variety of perspectives.

Additional Considerations:

• Climate Change: Factor in the impacts of climate change on rangelands, such as increased drought frequency and intensity, when setting grazing levels.

• Wildlife Needs: Consider the needs of wildlife that graze on public lands when determining AMLs.

By implementing these practices, the BLM can make AUM and AML determinations that are based on sound science and that promote the long-term health of rangelands. This can benefit ranchers, wildlife, and the overall health of public lands.